2. Define mutagen. Give three examples and how they work.
3. Define and illustrate a point mutation.
4. Define and illustrate a frame shift mutation. Name two types of frame shift mutations.
5. List up to 4 ways that DNA can mutate without affecting the phenotype.
6. Why do you think that an excess of genetic material is usually less harmful to health than a deficit?
Part 2: Gene Mutations
Note: Questions #7 - #13 refer to the DNA master strand listed below:
AATGCCAGTGGTTCGCAC
||
7. Write the nitrogen base sequence of the complementary DNA strand.
8. Write the nitrogen base sequence of the strand of M-RNA read from the master strand of DNA.
9. Write the protein section (amino acid chain) that results from this DNA master strand. [use copy of the amino acids and the DNA triplets that code for them or M-RNA codon chart]
10. If the seventh nucleotide in the original master strand of DNA were changed from A to T, what would the resulting new M-RNA be?
11. Write the protein fragment (amino acid chain) that results from the DNA molecule described in #10.
12. Draw a circle around the amino acid in #11 that changed as a result of the mutation described in #10.
13. Name the type of mutation described in #'s 10, 11 and 12.
Note: Questions: #14 - #21 refer to the DNA master strand listed below:
AATGCCAGTGGTTCGCAC
||
14. If a `G' were added to the original master strand of DNA after the third nucleotide (T), what would the resulting mutated M-RNA look like?
15. Write the protein fragment (amino acid chain) that results from the DNA molecule described in #14.
16. Explain how the protein fragment (amino acid chain) in #15 has changed as a result of the mutation described in #14.
17. Name the kind of mutation described in #14. (Be specific!)
18. If the `G' in the fourth nucleotide position were to be cut out of the original DNA strand, what would the resulting M-RNA look like?
19. Write the protein fragment (amino acid chain) that would result from the DNA molecule described in #18.
20. Explain how the protein fragment (amino acid chain) in #19 has changed as a result of the mutation described in #18.
21. Name the kind of mutation described in #18. (Be specific!)
True or False?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
One complete DNA molecule consists of a single helix.
The building blocks of DNA are called nucleotides.
One nucleotide is composed of two parts: a sugar and a nitrogen base.
The sugar in DNA is called ribose.
With respect to the bases, A binds with T and C binds with G.
Complementary bases are held together by hydrogen bonds.
With one nucleotide, the nitrogen base is attached to the phosphate group.
The "backbone" or outer strands of DNA are repeating sugars and bases.
The genetic code lies in the order of nitrogen bases.
Four bases in a row make up one codon.
Each codon codes for one amino acid.
Many amino acids bonded together form a protein.
All genetic mutations are harmful.
Genetic mutations may be harmful, neutral, or beneficial.
A genetic mutation always causes the production of a different protein.
Mutagenic agents are drugs taken by a patient to treat a genetic mutation.
Only mutations in the gametes can be passed on to children.
Recall and Review:
1. Define a mutation.
2. Define mutagen. Give three examples and how they work.
3. Define and illustrate a point mutation.
4. Define and illustrate a frame shift mutation. Name two types of frame shift mutations.
5. List up to 4 ways that DNA can mutate without affecting the phenotype.
6. Why do you think that an excess of genetic material is usually less harmful to health than a deficit?
Part 2: Gene Mutations
Note: Questions #7 - #13 refer to the DNA master strand listed below:7. Write the nitrogen base sequence of the complementary DNA strand.
8. Write the nitrogen base sequence of the strand of M-RNA read from the master strand of DNA.
9. Write the protein section (amino acid chain) that results from this DNA master strand. [use copy of the amino acids and the DNA triplets that code for them or M-RNA codon chart]
10. If the seventh nucleotide in the original master strand of DNA were changed from A to T, what would the resulting new M-RNA be?
11. Write the protein fragment (amino acid chain) that results from the DNA molecule described in #10.
12. Draw a circle around the amino acid in #11 that changed as a result of the mutation described in #10.
13. Name the type of mutation described in #'s 10, 11 and 12.
Note: Questions: #14 - #21 refer to the DNA master strand listed below:
14. If a `G' were added to the original master strand of DNA after the third nucleotide (T), what would the resulting mutated M-RNA look like?
15. Write the protein fragment (amino acid chain) that results from the DNA molecule described in #14.
16. Explain how the protein fragment (amino acid chain) in #15 has changed as a result of the mutation described in #14.
17. Name the kind of mutation described in #14. (Be specific!)
18. If the `G' in the fourth nucleotide position were to be cut out of the original DNA strand, what would the resulting M-RNA look like?
19. Write the protein fragment (amino acid chain) that would result from the DNA molecule described in #18.
20. Explain how the protein fragment (amino acid chain) in #19 has changed as a result of the mutation described in #18.
21. Name the kind of mutation described in #18. (Be specific!)
True or False?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
One complete DNA molecule consists of a single helix.
The building blocks of DNA are called nucleotides.
One nucleotide is composed of two parts: a sugar and a nitrogen base.
The sugar in DNA is called ribose.
With respect to the bases, A binds with T and C binds with G.
Complementary bases are held together by hydrogen bonds.
With one nucleotide, the nitrogen base is attached to the phosphate group.
The "backbone" or outer strands of DNA are repeating sugars and bases.
The genetic code lies in the order of nitrogen bases.
Four bases in a row make up one codon.
Each codon codes for one amino acid.
Many amino acids bonded together form a protein.
All genetic mutations are harmful.
Genetic mutations may be harmful, neutral, or beneficial.
A genetic mutation always causes the production of a different protein.
Mutagenic agents are drugs taken by a patient to treat a genetic mutation.
Only mutations in the gametes can be passed on to children.